How many continents are there on Earth?

The Earth's surface is divided into several vast landmasses known as continents. While the exact number can sometimes be a topic of discussion depending on the criteria used, the most widely recognized and taught model, particularly in English-speaking countries, identifies seven distinct continents. These incredible landforms are, in order from largest to smallest by area: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Each possesses unique geographical features, diverse climates, and rich cultural histories that set them apart.

The classification of continents isn't based on a single, universally strict geological rule, but rather a combination of physical geography, historical conventions, and cultural distinctions. For example, Europe and Asia are part of the same continuous landmass, often referred to geologically as Eurasia. However, they are traditionally considered separate continents due to distinct historical and cultural identities. Similarly, North America and South America are joined by the narrow Isthmus of Panama, but are typically counted as two separate entities.

Alternative models exist, such as a six-continent system that often combines North and South America into a single "America," a view prevalent in some Romance-speaking nations. Another six-continent model merges Europe and Asia into "Eurasia," a concept used in parts of Eastern Europe and Russia. There are even four-continent models that combine Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. Despite these variations, the seven-continent model remains the most common framework for understanding our planet's major land divisions.