The World's Smallest Country Is Smaller Than Central Park

Though it is a fully independent nation, Vatican City's existence is a relatively modern development. For centuries, the Pope governed a large territory in central Italy known as the Papal States. After the unification of Italy in the 19th century, this land was absorbed, and the Pope's status remained unresolved for decades. This was settled in 1929 with the signing of the Lateran Treaty, which recognized Vatican City as a sovereign state. Entirely enclosed by Rome, this tiny nation operates with remarkable autonomy. Its economy is supported through donations, museum admission fees, and the sale of collectible postage stamps and souvenirs.

Despite its small population of around 800 residents, Vatican City maintains services typical of a much larger country. It has its own banking system, issues its own euro coins (which are highly sought after by collectors), and runs a radio station. Perhaps most famously, it is protected by the world's smallest army, the Pontifical Swiss Guard. Established in 1506, this elite force is responsible for the safety of the Pope. The guards, known for their colorful Renaissance-era uniforms, are all Swiss citizens and must meet strict recruitment requirements. Their long-standing presence underscores the unique blend of ancient tradition and modern statehood that defines this remarkable microstate.