According to the 1990 census, which is the largest state capital city in the U.S. in population?

Back in 1990, the capital of Arizona stood out among its peers. With a population of 983,000, Phoenix was not only the most populous state capital in the United States, but it was also the 9th largest city in the nation overall. This is a notable distinction, as many of the country's most famous cities, like New York City or Los Angeles, are not their state's seat of government. Phoenix is a prominent example of a state's largest metropolitan hub also serving as its political center.

The city's impressive size was the result of a decades-long population boom. Following World War II, massive migration began toward the Sun Belt, and Phoenix was a prime destination. The widespread adoption of air conditioning made its desert climate manageable year-round, attracting new residents and industries. Key sectors like aerospace, electronics, and tourism fueled its rapid economic and demographic expansion throughout the latter half of the 20th century.

This trend has not slowed down. Since the 1990 census, Phoenix has continued its remarkable growth and remains the most populous state capital in the U.S. today by a significant margin. While other capitals like Austin, Texas, and Columbus, Ohio, are also major urban centers, Phoenix's unique combination of climate and economic opportunity has secured its position at the top of the list for decades.