Armenia and the United States signed a nuclear deal in February 2026 worth up to how many billion dollars?

In February 2026, Armenia and the United States signed a significant civil nuclear cooperation agreement, often referred to as a "123 Agreement," which is valued at up to $9 billion. This substantial figure encompasses two main components: an initial $5 billion in potential US exports of nuclear technology and services, and an additional $4 billion designated for long-term support through fuel and maintenance contracts. The deal represents a strategic move to deepen energy partnership between the two nations.

This agreement is particularly noteworthy as it aims to bolster Armenia's energy security and reduce its historical reliance on Russia. For decades, Armenia has depended on Moscow for both energy and security, with Russia's state-owned nuclear corporation, Rosatom, operating Armenia's sole nuclear power plant, Metsamor, and supplying its nuclear fuel. The new cooperation with the United States opens the door for Armenia to diversify its energy sources and partners, a key political priority.

The agreement, signed by US Vice President JD Vance and Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, establishes a legal framework for American companies to export nuclear technology, fuel, and services to Armenia. Armenia is actively evaluating options for constructing a new nuclear reactor to replace its aging Soviet-era Metsamor facility, which began commercial operation in 1980. This deal positions US firms to compete for the opportunity to build this new capacity, potentially utilizing advanced technologies such as small modular reactors.