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Many chemical elements are named in honor of the places where they were first synthesized or discovered. An entire cluster of these place-named elements emerged from the University of California, Berkeley, during the mid-20th century. In 1949, a team of scientists led by Glenn T. Seaborg created element 97 and named it berkelium after the city of Berkeley where their laboratory was located. Shortly after, in 1950, the team synthesized element 98, which they fittingly named californium in honor of the university and the state of California.
This same group of American scientists had also been the first to intentionally create americium in 1944. The discovery was part of the secret Manhattan Project, and the element was named for the Americas. The naming of americium was specifically chosen to parallel its counterpart in the lanthanide series, europium, which sits directly above it on the periodic table. Europium itself had been named decades earlier by its discoverer, French chemist Eugène-Anatole Demarçay, who isolated the element in 1901 and named it after the continent of Europe.
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