In Hinduism, what is the concept of the cycle of death and rebirth called?

In Hinduism, the concept of the cycle of death and rebirth is known as Samsara, a Sanskrit term meaning "wandering through" or "world." This fundamental belief describes the continuous journey of the Atman, or individual soul, through various forms of existence across countless lifetimes. It's a cyclical process with no clear beginning or end, where the soul repeatedly takes on new bodies after the death of the old.

The driving force behind Samsara is karma, the universal law of cause and effect. Every action, thought, and word, whether good or bad, creates karmic impressions that determine an individual's future experiences and subsequent rebirths. Positive actions lead to favorable circumstances in future lives, while negative actions can result in less desirable rebirths. This intricate system ensures that beings experience the consequences of their deeds, shaping their journey through the cycle.

The ultimate aim for many Hindus is to achieve moksha, or liberation from Samsara. Moksha signifies the release of the Atman from the endless cycle of birth and death, allowing it to reunite with Brahman, the supreme reality. This liberation is attained through spiritual understanding, righteous living, and detachment from worldly desires, effectively bringing an end to the accumulation of karma that binds the soul to rebirth.