It was originally constructed in 1190 as a fortress to protect Paris from Viking raids, became royal residence in the 1300's, and was first opened to the public in 1793, during the French Revolution. Today almost 5 million people visit each year. What is

Long before it housed priceless art, this iconic Parisian landmark served a much more rugged purpose. Originally built as the Louvre Castle in 1190 under King Philip II, its primary function was to defend the city from attacks along the Seine River. Its thick walls and strategic position made it a key fortress in medieval Paris. By the 14th century, its defensive role gave way to luxury, and the structure was converted into a lavish royal residence for the French monarchy, a function it would serve for centuries.

The monumental shift from a private palace to a public institution occurred during the French Revolution. In 1793, the new revolutionary government opened its doors, transforming the home of kings into a museum for the people. Today, it stands as the world's largest art museum, drawing millions of visitors annually to see masterpieces like the Mona Lisa and the Venus de Milo. Its famous glass pyramid, added in 1989, creates a stunning modern entrance that contrasts with the historic palace wings, symbolizing its continuous evolution from medieval fortress to a global cultural hub.