The Hindu Kush mountain range runs for 500 miles, westward from Pakistan to what country?

Arising from the massive Pamir Knot in northern Pakistan, where the Karakoram and Himalayan ranges converge, the Hindu Kush mountains extend westward for approximately 500 miles. This incredible journey takes the range directly across the heart of Afghanistan, where it forms the country's geographical spine. While its easternmost peaks are in Pakistan, the vast majority of the range, including its highest summits outside of Pakistan, dominates the Afghan landscape, influencing everything from its climate to its culture.

Historically, this rugged landscape has served as both a formidable barrier and a crucial crossroads. Ancient conquerors like Alexander the Great (Review) navigated its treacherous passes, and it was a vital section of the historic Silk Road trade routes connecting the East and West. The famous Khyber Pass, located in its eastern reaches, has long been a strategic gateway between Central and South Asia. The name 'Hindu Kush' itself is a subject of debate, with one translation suggesting 'Hindu Slayer,' possibly referring to the dangers faced by people from the Indian subcontinent who crossed the mountains.