This chemical element makes up about 1/4 of the earth's crust; it is the main ingredient of sand, is the main ingredient of glass, is used in the making of computers, and can also be made into synthetic rubber. What is this element?

This versatile element is a cornerstone of our planet and technology. It is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up about 28% of its mass. In nature, it commonly bonds with oxygen to form silicon dioxide, which is the primary component of most sand found in non-tropical areas. This same compound, silica, is the main ingredient used to create glass, a material used by humans for thousands of years.

The technological significance of this element cannot be overstated. In its highly purified form, it serves as a semiconductor, forming the foundation (Review) of the integrated circuits and computer chips that power our modern electronics. This is why the area in California with a high concentration of technology companies is famously known as Silicon Valley. Beyond the digital world, this element also forms the basis for a synthetic polymer known as silicone. This rubber-like material is valued for its temperature resistance and stability, and is used in a wide array of products, from kitchen utensils and medical supplies to sealants and insulation.