What country's Zhelyazkov Government resigned in December 2025 after weeks of massive protests against economic policies?

Bulgaria's Zhelyazkov Government stepped down in December 2025, capitulating to weeks of massive public demonstrations against its economic policies and rampant corruption. The protests, which saw tens of thousands take to the streets across the country, were initially sparked by a controversial draft budget for 2026. This proposed budget included significant increases in taxes and social security contributions, which many Bulgarians viewed as an unfair burden and a sign of government mismanagement.

Beyond the immediate fiscal concerns, the widespread anger reflected deeper frustrations with a political system perceived as plagued by corruption and a lack of accountability. Bulgaria has consistently ranked poorly in European corruption perception indices, and citizens felt their taxpayer money was not being used for public benefit but was instead enriching those in power. The demonstrations were notable for the strong participation of young people, often dubbed "Gen Z protests," who organized extensively through social media to demand an end to corruption and better prospects for their future in the European Union's poorest member state.

The resignation of Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov and his cabinet came shortly before a scheduled no-confidence vote in parliament, highlighting the immense pressure from the public. This political upheaval occurred as Bulgaria was on the cusp of adopting the euro on January 1, 2026, adding another layer of economic uncertainty and public scrutiny to the government's actions. The events underscored Bulgaria's ongoing struggle with political instability, having experienced numerous snap elections and interim governments in recent years.