What insect species was found for the first time in Iceland, previously one of the last mosquito-free places on Earth?

Iceland, long celebrated as one of the Earth's last bastions against the ubiquitous mosquito, recently recorded the confirmed presence of the insect within its natural environment. This significant discovery, which occurred in October 2025, marked the arrival of the mosquito species Culiseta annulata, challenging the island nation's unique ecological status. The finding was made by an insect enthusiast in West Iceland, who then sent specimens to the Icelandic Institute of Natural History for identification.

Historically, Iceland's erratic climate has been the primary defense against mosquito populations. Unlike regions with consistent cold winters where mosquito pupae can hibernate and hatch once spring arrives, Iceland experiences frequent and unpredictable freeze-thaw cycles. These rapid shifts in temperature disrupt the mosquito's life cycle, preventing larvae from fully developing into adult insects. The country's cold water temperatures also played a role, as mosquitoes require warmer conditions for effective breeding.

However, the newly identified Culiseta annulata is a cold-resistant species, known for its ability to survive harsh conditions by seeking shelter (Review) in places like basements and barns during winter. Scientists suggest that this establishment is likely linked to climate change, as rising global temperatures are making previously inhospitable environments more welcoming to various insect species. This development leaves Antarctica as potentially the only remaining large landmass without a recorded mosquito population.