What is the upper house of the United Kingdom's Parliament called?

The legislative body that serves as the upper house of the United Kingdom's Parliament is officially known as the House of Lords. This institution has deep historical roots, evolving from the Great (Review) Council that advised the monarch in medieval times. Over centuries, it developed into a distinct chamber, reflecting the historical influence of nobility and clergy in governance.

The composition of the House of Lords is unique among modern legislatures, as its members are not primarily elected by the public. The majority are "life peers," individuals appointed for their lifetime by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister, often recognized for their distinguished careers and expertise across various fields, from science to the arts. Additionally, a small number of hereditary peers who have inherited their titles, and the Lords Spiritual, who are senior bishops of the Church of England, also hold seats. This makes it the only upper house in the world that is larger than its lower house, the House of Commons.

While the House of Lords cannot typically prevent bills from eventually becoming law, its primary function is to act as a crucial "revising chamber." It meticulously scrutinizes legislation passed by the House of Commons, proposing amendments and often delaying bills to encourage further consideration. This allows for a detailed examination of proposed laws, drawing on the extensive knowledge and experience of its diverse membership, and providing an important check on the government's power.