BONUS: In what year did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels collaborate to write The Communist Manifesto ? within 2

This seminal political pamphlet was published at a moment of immense political turmoil across Europe. Commissioned by a London-based political group known as the Communist League, the document was finalized and published in German in February 1848. Its release coincided almost perfectly with the first major uprisings of what would become the "Revolutions of 1848," a series of widespread political upheavals that swept the continent. While the Manifesto did not cause these revolutions, its timing made its analysis of class struggle and capitalist crisis seem incredibly prescient.

The work was the product of the developing partnership between Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who had been tasked with creating a clear and accessible platform for their burgeoning movement. It was written not as a dense academic work, but as a concise and powerful declaration of the League's principles. The text lays out their theory of history as a series of class struggles, predicting the eventual overthrow of the capitalist system by the proletariat, or working class. While it had little immediate impact, its ideas and famous rallying cry, "Workers of all lands, unite!", would later make it one of the most influential political texts ever written.