What is the Japanese parliament called?

Japan's national legislature is known as the National Diet. This bicameral body is central to the country's governance, fulfilling the crucial role of law-making. It comprises two chambers: the House of Representatives, considered the lower house, and the House of Councillors, which serves as the upper house. Both houses are composed of members directly elected by the Japanese people, reflecting a democratic foundation (Review) for the nation's laws.

The term "Diet" itself carries a fascinating historical lineage, originating from the Latin word "dieta," which can mean "a day" or "an assembly." This nomenclature was common for legislative assemblies in medieval Europe, notably influencing Japan during the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century. At that time, Japan was modernizing and drawing inspiration from Western political systems, particularly the German Reichstag and the British Westminster model, when establishing its Imperial Diet in 1889.

Following World War II, with the promulgation of Japan's post-war constitution in 1947, the Diet was re-established in its contemporary form, solidifying its position as the highest organ of state power and the sole legislative authority. While both houses share responsibilities, the House of Representatives generally holds more influence in the legislative process, including the critical task of nominating the Prime Minister. The Diet building, where these important discussions and decisions take place, is located in Nagatachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo.