What is the legal term for intentionally making a false statement under oath?

The legal term for intentionally making a false statement under oath is perjury. This serious criminal offense occurs when an individual, having sworn to tell the truth in a legal proceeding, knowingly and willfully makes a statement that they know to be false about a material issue. It's crucial that the false statement is intentional and not merely a mistake, confusion, or faulty memory. The statement must also be "material," meaning it has the potential to influence the outcome of the proceeding.

Perjury is considered a crime against justice because it undermines the very foundation (Review) of the legal system: truth and credibility. When witnesses or parties lie under oath, it compromises the integrity of official proceedings, whether in courts, before grand juries, or other governmental bodies. Historically, while false swearing has been a spiritual offense since biblical times, perjury became a secular crime in England much later, with early American common law adopting similar definitions.

The consequences of perjury can be severe, often including fines and imprisonment. Under federal law in the United States, perjury is classified as a felony and can result in a prison sentence of up to five years. State laws generally mirror federal provisions, though specific penalties can vary by jurisdiction. Beyond legal repercussions, a conviction for perjury can also lead to significant damage to an individual's personal and professional reputation, potentially affecting future employment and relationships. This highlights the importance placed on honest testimony for the fair and effective administration of justice.