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In a standard 52-card deck, the probability of drawing a card that depicts royalty is based on a simple calculation. Each of the four suits—hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades—contains three of these specific cards: a jack, a queen, and a king. This gives a total of 12 such cards in the entire deck. The likelihood of an event is found by dividing the number of desired outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes. In this case, there are 12 chances to draw one of these "face cards" out of a total of 52 cards. This gives us the fraction 12/52, which simplifies down to 3/13.
These particular cards are often called "court cards" or "face cards" because they are the only ones that depict people, representing figures from a royal court. While playing cards are believed to have originated in China, the concept of face cards was introduced in Persia. The cards made their way to Europe in the late 14th century, and the designs evolved to feature European royalty. The queen was not initially a standard part of the deck, only being added in the 15th century. The jack, queen, and king combination that we are familiar with today was standardized in France in the 16th century, cementing their place in the modern deck.
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