In addition to English, about 100,000 inhabitants of Scotland and thousands more in Nova Scotia speak what language?

This ancient Celtic tongue is Scottish Gaelic, or Gàidhlig as it's known to its speakers. It belongs to the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, making it a close cousin to Irish and Manx. Historically the dominant language of the Scottish Highlands and Islands, its use declined over centuries due to political and social pressures. Today, its heartland is primarily in the Outer Hebrides, but vibrant communities of speakers exist throughout the country.

The language's surprising presence in Nova Scotia, Canada, is a direct result of the Highland Clearances. During the 18th and 19th centuries, thousands of Gaelic-speaking Scots were displaced from their land and emigrated, establishing a significant community on Cape Breton Island. The province's very name, Nova Scotia, is Latin for "New Scotland," reflecting this deep heritage. This migration led to the development of a distinct Canadian Gaelic dialect, which survives to this day.

While classified as an endangered language, Scottish Gaelic has experienced a cultural revival in recent decades. Concerted efforts in Scotland, including Gaelic-medium education, dedicated television programming, and bilingual road signs, are helping to preserve and promote it for future generations, ensuring this vital piece of cultural identity continues to be heard.