Which Swiss psychiatrist, founder of analytical psychology, created the concepts of extraversion and introversion?

Carl Jung, a prominent Swiss psychiatrist, revolutionized the understanding of human personality with his groundbreaking work. He is widely recognized as the founder of analytical psychology, a distinct school of thought that diverged from Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis, despite their initial close collaboration. Jung's extensive research into the human psyche led him to develop numerous influential concepts, many of which have permeated popular culture and academic discourse.

Among his most enduring contributions are the psychological types of extraversion and introversion. These terms, now commonplace, describe fundamental attitudes or orientations of an individual's psychic energy. An extravert primarily directs their energy outward towards the external world, focusing on people and activities, while an introvert tends to direct their energy inward, focusing on internal thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Jung emphasized that everyone possesses both tendencies, though one usually predominates, influencing how an individual perceives and interacts with their environment.

Jung's work extended far beyond these two types, encompassing ideas like the collective unconscious, archetypes, and synchronicity. His analytical psychology offered a rich framework for exploring the depths of the human mind, emphasizing the journey toward individuation and self-realization. The concepts of extraversion and introversion, however, remain his most universally recognized legacy, providing a foundational vocabulary for discussing personality differences and continuing to shape modern psychological assessment and self-understanding.