Name the authors of each of these novels which went on to become films: a. The Bonfire of the Vanities b. The Firm? c. The French Lieutenant's Woman

These three novels, all of which became major motion pictures, represent distinct moments in late 20th-century literature and film. Tom Wolfe's "The Bonfire of the Vanities," first published in 1987, is a satirical portrayal of the excesses and social tensions of 1980s New York City. The story follows a wealthy Wall Street bond trader whose life unravels after a hit-and-run accident in the Bronx. The 1990 film adaptation, directed by Brian De Palma, starred Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis, and Melanie Griffith, but was a notable critical and commercial failure, grossing just $15.6 million against a $47 million budget.

John Grisham's "The Firm" was a 1991 legal thriller that launched his career as a bestselling author. The novel tells the story of a brilliant young lawyer who accepts a dream job at a small Memphis law firm, only to discover it is a front for the Chicago mob. The 1993 film adaptation, starring Tom Cruise, Gene Hackman, and Jeanne Tripplehorn, was a massive box office success. The book's popularity was so immense that it spent 47 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list and established Grisham as a master of the legal thriller genre.

"The French Lieutenant's Woman," a 1969 novel by British author John Fowles, is a work of postmodern historical fiction. The book is known for its critique of Victorian conventions and its multiple endings. The 1981 film adaptation, starring Meryl Streep and Jeremy Irons, was highly acclaimed for its innovative structure. Playwright Harold Pinter's screenplay ingeniously mirrored the novel's complexity by creating a parallel narrative about the actors portraying the Victorian characters, who are themselves having an affair. The film garnered five Academy Award nominations, including a Best Actress nod for Streep.